David R Riddle, PhD
Professor Emeritus, Department of Biomedical Sciences
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David Riddle, PhD, is the former Assistant Dean for Foundations of Medicine and Chair of the Department of Biomedical Sciences at Western Michigan University Homer Stryker M.D. School of Medicine. After 12 years with WMed, he retired from his position on June 30, 2026. Dr. Riddle is a graduate of University of North Carolina in Chapel Hill, North Carolina, and earned his doctorate in neurosciences from University of Michigan in Ann Arbor, Michigan. In addition, he completed two postdoctoral fellowships at Duke University Medical Center in Durham, North Carolina.
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- Postdoctoral Fellowship 1996, Neurodevelopment and Cortical Development, Medical Center, Duke University
- Postdoctoral Fellowship 1994, Neurodevelopment, Medical Center, Duke University
- PhD 1990, Neurosciences, University of Michigan-Ann Arbor
- BS 1984, Zoology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
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- Neurobiology
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Porter-Stransky K.A., Vollbrecht P.J., Riddle D.R. A Case-Based Neuroanatomy Laboratory on the Neurobiology of Psychiatric Conditions for Second-Year Medical Students Medical Science Educator. 2021;31:15-16.
Keator C.S., Dickinson B.L., Lackey W.L., Morris A., Quesnelle K.M., Riddle D.R., Sheakley M.L., Vanden Heuvel G.B., Vandre D.D. Explorations: a New Approach to Self-Directed Learning in a Competency-Based Curriculum Medical Science Educator. 2016;26:777-785.
Melchior J.R., Ferris M.J., Stuber G.D., Riddle D., Jones S.R. Optogenetic versus electrical stimulation of dopamine terminals in the nucleus accumbens reveals local modulation of presynaptic release Journal of Neurochemistry. 2015;134(5):833-844.
Forbes M.E., Paitsel M., Bourland J.D., Riddle D.R. Early-delayed, radiation-induced cognitive deficits in adult rats are heterogeneous and age-dependent Radiation Research. 2014;182:60-71.
Greene-Schloesser D., Payne V., Peiffer A., Hsu F., Riddle D., Zhao W., Chan M., Metheny-Barlow L., Robbins M. The Peroxisomal Proliferator-Activated Receptor (PPAR) α agonist, fenofibrate, prevents fractionated whole-brain irradiation-induced cognitive impairment Radiation Research. 2014;181:33-44.
Peiffer A., Creer R., Linville C., Olson J., Kulkarni P., Brown J., Riddle D., Robbins M., Brunso-Bechtold J. Radiation-induced cognitive impairment and altered diffusion tensor imaging in a juvenile rat model of cranial radiotherapy International Journal of Radiation Biology. 2014;90:799-806.
Forbes M., Paitsel M., Bourland J., Riddle D. Systemic effects of fractionated, whole-brain irradiation in young adult and aging rats Radiation Research. 2013;180:326-333.
Willard S., Riddle D., Forbes M., Shively C. Cell number and neuropil alterations in subregions of the anterior hippocampus in a female monkey model of depression Biological Psychiatry. 2013;74:890-897.
Hua K., Schindler M., McQuail J., Forbes M., Riddle D. Regionally Distinct Responses of Microglia and Glial Progenitor Cells to Whole Brain Irradiation in Adult and Aging Rats PLoS ONE. 2012;7
Lee T.C., Greene-Schloesser D., Payne V., Diz D.I., Hsu F.C., Kooshki M., Mustafa R., Riddle D.R., Zhao W., Chan M.D., Robbins M.E. Chronic administration of the angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor, ramipril, prevents fractionated whole-brain irradiation-induced perirhinal cortex-dependent cognitive impairment Radiation Research. 2012;178:45-56.
Conner K.R., Forbes M.E., Lee W.H., Lee Y.W., Riddle D.R. AT1 receptor antagonism does not influence early radiation-induced changes in microglial activation or neurogenesis in the normal rat brain Radiation Research. 2011;176:71-83.
McQuail J., Riddle D., Nicolle M. Neuroinflammation not associated with cholinergic degeneration in aged-impaired brain Neurobiology of Aging. 2011;32:2322.e1-2322.e4.
Schindler M., Bourland J., Forbes M., Hua K., Riddle D. Neurobiological responses to stereotactic focal irradiation of the adult rodent hippocampus Journal of the Neurological Sciences. 2011;306:129-137.
Sergeant S., McQuail J., Riddle D., Chilton F., Ortmeier S., Jessup J., Groban L., Nicolle M. Dietary fish oil modestly attenuates the effect of age on diastolic function but has no effect on memory or brain inflammation in aged rats Journals of Gerontology - Series A Biological Sciences and Medical Sciences. 2011;66 A:521-533.
Conner K.R., Payne V.S., Forbes M.E., Robbins M.E., Riddle D.R. Effects of the AT1 receptor antagonist L-158,809 on microglia and neurogenesis after fractionated whole-brain irradiation Radiation Research. 2010;173:49-61.
Ramanan S., Zhao W., Riddle D.R., Robbins M.E. Review article: Role of PPARs in radiation-induced brain injury PPAR Research. 2010
Adams M.M., Elizabeth Forbes M., Constance Linville M., Riddle D.R., Sonntag W.E., Brunso-Bechtold J.K. Stability of local brain levels of insulin-like growth factor-I in two well-characterized models of decreased plasma IGF-I Growth Factors. 2009;27:181-188.
Hua K., Forbes M.E., Lichtenwalner R.J., Sonntag W.E., Riddle D.R. Adult-onset deficiency in growth hormone and insulin-like growth factor-I alters oligodendrocyte turnover in the corpus callosum GLIA. 2009;57:1062-1071.
Ramanan S., Kooshki M., Zhao W., Hsu F.C., Riddle D.R., Robbins M.E. The PPARα Agonist Fenofibrate Preserves Hippocampal Neurogenesis and Inhibits Microglial Activation After Whole-Brain Irradiation International Journal of Radiation Oncology Biology Physics. 2009;75:870-877.
Wiant D., Atwood T., Olson J., Papagikos M., Forbes M., Riddle D., Bourland J. Gamma knife radiosurgery treatment planning for small animals using high-resolution 7T micro-magnetic resonance imaging. Radiation research. 2009;172:625-631.
Adams M.M., Shi L., Linville M.C., Forbes M.E., Long A.B., Bennett C., Newton I.G., Carter C.S., Sonntag W.E., Riddle D.R., Brunso-Bechtold J.K. Caloric restriction and age affect synaptic proteins in hippocampal CA3 and spatial learning ability Experimental Neurology. 2008;211:141-149.
Collins E.J., Riddle D.S. TCR-MHC docking orientation: Natural selection, or thymic selection? Immunologic Research. 2008;41(3 SPEC. ISS.):267-294.
Ingraham J.P., Forbes M.E., Riddle D.R., Sonntag W.E. Aging reduces hypoxia-induced microvascular growth in the rodent hippocampus Journals of Gerontology - Series A Biological Sciences and Medical Sciences. 2008;63:12-20.
Newton I., Forbes M., Linville M., Pang H., Tucker E., Riddle D., Brunso-Bechtold J. Effects of aging and caloric restriction on dentate gyrus synapses and glutamate receptor subunits Neurobiology of Aging. 2008;29:1308-1318.
Riddle D.R., Schindler M.K. Brain aging research Reviews in Clinical Gerontology. 2008;17:225-239.
Riddle D.S., Miller P.J., Vincent B.G., Kepler T.B., Maile R., Frelinger J.A., Collins E.J. Rescue of cytotoxic function in the CD8α knockout mouse by removal of MHC class II European Journal of Immunology. 2008;38(6):1511-1521.
Schindler M., Forbes M., Robbins M., Riddle D. Aging-Dependent Changes in the Radiation Response of the Adult Rat Brain International Journal of Radiation Oncology Biology Physics. 2008;70:826-834.
Miller P.J., Pazy Y., Conti B., Riddle D., Appella E., Collins E.J. Single MHC Mutation Eliminates Enthalpy Associated with T Cell Receptor Binding Journal of Molecular Biology. 2007;373(2):315-327.
Shi L., Adams M.M., Linville M.C., Newton I.G., Forbes M.E., Long A.B., Riddle D.R., Brunso-Bechtold J.K. Caloric restriction eliminates the aging-related decline in NMDA and AMPA receptor subunits in the rat hippocampus and induces homeostasis Experimental Neurology. 2007;206:70-79.
Lichtenwalner R., Forbes M., Sonntag W., Riddle D. Adult-onset deficiency in growth hormone and insulin-like growth factor-I decreases survival of dentate granule neurons: Insights into the regulation of adult hippocampal neurogenesis Journal of Neuroscience Research. 2006;83:199-210.
Sonntag W.E., Bennett C., Ingram R., Donahue A., Ingraham J., Chen H., Moore T., Brunso-Bechtold J.K., Riddle D. Growth hormone and IGF-I modulate local cerebral glucose utilization and ATP levels in a model of adult-onset growth hormone deficiency American Journal of Physiology - Endocrinology and Metabolism. 2006;291
Grill J., Sonntag W., Riddle D. Dendritic stability in a model of adult-onset IGF-I deficiency Growth Hormone and IGF Research. 2005;15:337-348.
Newton I.G., Forbes M.E., Legault C., Johnson J.E., Brunso-Bechtold J.K., Riddle D.R. Caloric restriction does not reverse aging-related changes in hippocampal BDNF Neurobiology of Aging. 2005;26:683-688.
Riddle D.R., Forbes M.E. Regulation of cytochrome oxidase activity in the rat forebrain throughout adulthood Neurobiology of Aging. 2005;26:1035-1050.
Riddle D.S., Sanz L., Chong H., Thompson J., Vile R.G. Tumor cell surface display of immunoglobulin heavy chain Fc by gene transfer as a means to mimic antibody therapy Human Gene Therapy. 2005;16(7):830-844.
Vrana K.E., Hipp J.D., Goss A.M., McCool B.A., Riddle D.R., Walker S.J., Wettstein P.J., Studer L.P., Tabar V., Cunniff K., Chapman K., Vilner L., West M.D., Grant K.A., Cibelli J.B. Erratum: Nonhuman primate parthenogenetic stem cells (Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America (September 30, 2003) 100:1 (11911-11916)) Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 2004;101:693.
Riddle D.R., Sonntag W.E., Lichtenwalner R.J. Microvascular plasticity in aging Ageing Research Reviews. 2003;2:149-168.
Vrana K.E., Hipp J.D., Goss A.M., McCool B.A., Riddle D.R., Walker S.J., Wettstein P.J., Studer L.P., Tabar V., Cunniff K., Chapman K., Vilner L., West M.D., Grant K.A., Cibelli J.B. Nonhuman primate parthenogenetic stem cells Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 2003;100:11911-11916.
Bateman A.R., Harrington K.J., Kottke T., Ahmed A., Melcher A.A., Gough M.J., Linardakis E., Riddle D., Dietz A., Lohse C.M., Strome S., Peterson T., Simari R., Vile R.G. Viral fusogenic membrane glycoproteins kill solid tumor cells by nonapoptotic mechanisms that promote cross presentation of tumor antigens by dendritic cells Cancer Research. 2002;62(22):6566-6578.
Grill J., Riddle D. Age-related and laminar-specific dendritic changes in the medial frontal cortex of the rat Brain Research. 2002;937:8-21.
Gough M.J., Melcher A.A., Crittenden M.R., Riddle D.S., Linardakis E., Ruchatz A.N., Emiliusen L.M., Vile R.G., Ahmed A. Macrophages orchestrate the immune response to tumor cell death Cancer Research. 2001;61(19):7240-7247.
Lichtenwalner R.J., Forbes M.E., Bennett S.A., Lynch C.D., Sonntag W.E., Riddle D.R. Intracerebroventricular infusion of insulin-like growth factor-I ameliorates the age-related decline in hippocampal neurogenesis Neuroscience. 2001;107:603-613.
Niblock M.M., Brunso-Bechtold J.K., Riddle D.R. Laminar variation in neuronal viability and trophic dependence in neocortical slices Journal of Neuroscience Research. 2001;65:455-462.
Poe B.H., Linville C., Riddle D.R., Sonntag W.E., Brunso-Bechtold J.K. Effects of age and insulin-like growth factor-1 on neuron and synapse numbers in area CA3 of hippocampus Neuroscience. 2001;107:231-238.
Sonntag W., Brunso-Bechtold J., Riddle D. Age-related decreases in growth hormone and insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-1: Implications for brain aging Journal of Anti-Aging Medicine. 2001;4:311-329.
Sonntag W.E., Brunso-Bechtold J.K., Riddle D.R. Age-related decreases in growth hormone and insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-I: Implications for brain aging Rejuvenation Research. 2001;4:311-329.
Grantcharova V.P., Riddle D.S., Baker D. Long-range order in the src SH3 folding transition state Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 2000;97(13):7084-7089.
Niblock M.M., Brunso-Bechtold J.K., Riddle D.R. Insulin-like growth factor I stimulates dendritic growth in primary somatosensory cortex Journal of Neuroscience. 2000;20:4165-4176.
Plaxco K.W., Larson S., Ruczinski I., Riddle D.S., Thayer E.C., Buchwitz B., Davidson A.R., Baker D. Evolutionary conservation in protein folding kinetics Journal of Molecular Biology. 2000;298(2):303-312.
Riddle D.S., Grantcharova V.P., Santiago J.V., Aim E., Ruczinski I., Baker D. Experiment and theory highlight role of native state topology in SH3 folding Nature Structural Biology. 1999;6(11):1016-1024.
Grantcharova V.P., Riddle D.S., Santiago J.V., Baker D. Important role of hydrogen bonds in the structurally polarized transition state for folding of the src SH3 domain Nature Structural and Molecular Biology. 1998;5(8):714-720.
Plaxco K.W., Riddle D.S., Grantcharova V., Baker D. Simplified proteins: Minimalist solutions to the 'protein folding problem' Current Opinion in Structural Biology. 1998;8(1):80-85.
Riddle D.R., Katz L.C., Lo D.C. Focal delivery of neurotrophins into the central nervous system using fluorescent latex microspheres BioTechniques. 1997;23:928-937.
Riddle D.S., Santiago J.V., Bray-Hall S.T., Doshi N., Grantcharova V.P., Yi Q., Baker D. Functional rapidly folding proteins from simplified amino acid sequences Nature Structural Biology. 1997;4(10):805-809.
Sporns O., Purves D., White L., Riddle D. Variation and selection in neural function Trends in Neurosciences. 1997;20:291-293.
Purves D., White L., Riddle D. Is neural development darwinian? Trends in Neurosciences. 1996;19:460-464.
Riddle D.R., Mcallister A.K., Lo D.C., Katz L.C. Neurotrophins in cortical development Cold Spring Harbor Symposia on Quantitative Biology. 1996;61:85-93.
Gu H., Yi Q., Bray S.T., Riddle D.S., Baker D., Shiau A. A phage display system for studying the sequence determinants of protein folding Protein Science. 1995;4(6):1108-1117.
Riddle D.R., Lo D.C., Katz L.C. NT-4-mediated rescue of lateral geniculate neurons from effects of monocular deprivation Nature. 1995;378:189-191.
Riddle D.R., Purves D. Individual variation and lateral asymmetry of the rat primary somatosensory cortex Journal of Neuroscience. 1995;15:4184-4195.
Purves D., Riddle D., White L., Gutierrez-Ospina G., LaMantia A. Categories of cortical structure Progress in Brain Research. 1994;102:343-355.
Purves D., Riddle D.R., White L.E., Gutierrez-Ospina G. Neural activity and the development of the somatic sensory system Current Opinion in Neurobiology. 1994;4:120-123.
Oakley B., Lawton A., Riddle D.R., Wu L.‐. Morphometric and immunocytochemical assessment of fungiform taste buds after interruption of the chorda‐lingual nerve Microscopy Research and Technique. 1993;26:187-195.
Purves D., Riddle D., LaMantia A. Reply Trends in Neurosciences. 1993;16:180-181.
Riddle D.R., Gutierrez G., Zheng D., White L.E., Richards A., Purves D. Differential metabolic and electrical activity in the somatic sensory cortex of juvenile and adult rats Journal of Neuroscience. 1993;13:4193-4213.
Riddle D.R., Wong L.D., Oakley B. Lectin identification of olfactory receptor neuron subclasses with segregated central projections Journal of Neuroscience. 1993;13:3018-3033.
Oakley B., Riddle D.R. Receptor cell regeneration and connectivity in olfaction and taste Experimental Neurology. 1992;115:50-54.
Purves D., Riddle D.R., LaMantia A.S. Iterated patterns of brain circuitry (or how the cortex gets its spots) Trends in Neurosciences. 1992;15:362-368.
Riddle D.R., Oakley B. Immunocytochemical identification of primary olfactory afferents in rainbow trout Journal of Comparative Neurology. 1992;324:575-589.
Riddle D.R., Richards A., Zsuppan F., Purves D. Growth of the rat somatic sensory cortex and its constituent parts during postnatal development Journal of Neuroscience. 1992;12:3509-3524.
Riddle D.R., Oakley B. Evaluation of projection patterns in the primary olfactory system of rainbow trout Journal of Neuroscience. 1991;11:3752-3762.
Riddle D.R., Hughes S.E., Belczynski C.R., DeSibour C.L., Oakley B. Inhibitory interactions among rodent taste axons Brain Research. 1990;533:113-124.
RIDDLE D.R., OAKLEY B., HUGHES S.E., de SIBOUR C.L., BELCZYNSKI C.R. Hyperinnervation Produces Inhibitory Interactions between Two Taste Nerves Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences. 1987;510:574-576.