Research Associate Professor, Department of Biomedical Sciences
Contact Information
Email:Biosketch
James McKim, PhD, is founder and president of IONTOX, a biotechnology company founded in 2014 dedicated to providing expertise to the area of in vitro toxicology, with a mission to build improved methods for predicting human adverse effects from chemical exposure. IONTOX offers advanced in vitro solutions that promise to increase the reliability of in vitro toxicology. This in-turn will reduce animal usage, improve the success of new drug candidates, and provide an advanced method of understanding systemic toxicity.
Dr. McKim is a graduate of Florida Technical College in Orlando, Florida. He earned his doctorate in biochemical and molecular toxicology from Oregon State University in Corvallis, Oregon, and also completed a postdoctoral fellowship in cellular and molecular toxicology with University of Kansas Medical Center in Kansas City, Kansas. Prior to founding IONTOX, he was founder, president, and CEO for CeeTox, and a senior research advisor with Pharmacia, serving as group leader for predictive toxicology.
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Education and Training
- Postdoctoral Fellowship 1992, Cellular and Molecular Toxicology, Medical Center, University of Kansas
- PhD 1989, Biochemical and Molecular Toxicology, Oregon State University
- BS 1982, Environmental Science, Florida Technical College
- AS 1982, Ocean Engineering, Florida Technical College
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Research
- Toxicology
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Publications
McKim J.M., Austin D.J., Sprando R., Hermansky S., Mattes W., Fitzpatrick S. Developing Kinetic and Organ Toxicity Data with a Novel In Vitro Human-Based Multiple Organ MPS: Acrylamide as a Case Study Applied In Vitro Toxicology. 2024;10(2):33-42.
McKim J., Willoughby J., Blakemore W., Weiner M. A Critical Review of 'A randomized trial of the effects of the no-carrageenan diet on ulcerative colitis disease activity (Nutr. Healthy Aging. 2017; 4(2): 181-192).' Nutrition and Healthy Aging. 2019;5(2):149-158.
McKim J.M., Willoughby J.A., Blakemore W.R., Weiner M.L. Clarifying the confusion between poligeenan, degraded carrageenan, and carrageenan: A review of the chemistry, nomenclature, and in vivo toxicology by the oral route Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition. 2019;59(19):3054-3073.
Weiner M., McKim J. Comment on "revisiting the carrageenan controversy: Do we really understand the digestive fate and safety of carrageenan in our foods?" by S. David, C. S. Levi, L. Fahoum, Y. Ungar, E. G. Meyron-Holtz, A. Shpigelman and U. Lesmes,: Food Funct., 2018, 9, 1344-1352 Food and Function. 2019;10(3):1760-1762.
Willoughby J.A., Brown M., Jadia R., Ebendick-Corpus B.E., Hibbard N., McKim J.M., Hess B. Assessment of the osteopromotive potential of a novel biocompatible mineral-organic adhesive bone cement in the microgravity of space and on earth Transactions of the Annual Meeting of the Society for Biomaterials and the Annual International Biomaterials Symposium. 2019;40:428.
Myers D.K., Goldberg A.M., Poth A., Wolf M.F., Carraway J., McKim J., Coleman K.P., Hutchinson R., Brown R., Krug H.F., Bahinski A., Hartung T. From in vivo to in vitro: The medical device testing paradigm shift Altex. 2017;34(4):479-500.
Weiner M., McKim J., Blakemore W. Addendum to Weiner, M.L. (2016) Parameters and Pitfalls to Consider in the Conduct of Food Additive Research, Carrageenan as a Case Study. Food Chemical Toxicology 87, 31-44. Food and Chemical Toxicology. 2017;107:208-214.
McKim J.M., Baas H., Rice G.P., Willoughby J.A., Weiner M.L., Blakemore W. Effects of carrageenan on cell permeability, cytotoxicity, and cytokine gene expression in human intestinal and hepatic cell lines Food and Chemical Toxicology. 2016;96:1-10.
Luechtefeld T., Maertens A., Mckim J.M., Hartung T., Kleensang A., Sá-Rocha V. Probabilistic hazard assessment for skin sensitiza tion potency by dose-response modeling using feature elimination instead of quantitative structure-activity relationships Journal of Applied Toxicology. 2015;35(11):1361-1371.
McKim J.M., Wilga P.C., Pregenzer J.F., Blakemore W.R. The common food additive carrageenan is not a ligand for Toll-Like- Receptor 4 (TLR4) in an HEK293-TLR4 reporter cell-line model Food and Chemical Toxicology. 2015;78:153-158.
Leist M., Hasiwa N., Rovida C., Daneshian M., Basketter D., Kimber I., Clewell H., Gocht T., Goldberg A., Busquet F., Rossi A.M., Schwarz M., Stephens M., Taalman R., Knudsen T.B., McKim J., Harris G., Pamies D., Hartung T. Consensus report on the future of animal-free systemic toxicity testing Altex. 2014;31(3):341-356.
McKim J. Food additive carrageenan: Part I: A critical review of carrageenan in vitro studies, potential pitfalls, and implications for human health and safety Critical Reviews in Toxicology. 2014;44(3):211-243.
Casas J.W., Lewerenz G.M., Rankin E.A., Willoughby J.A., Blakeman L.C., McKim J.M., Coleman K.P. In vitro human skin irritation test for evaluation of medical device extracts Toxicology in Vitro. 2013;27(8):2175-2183.
Yager J.W., Gentry P.R., Thomas R.S., Pluta L., Efremenko A., Black M., Arnold L.L., McKim J.M., Wilga P., Gill G., Choe K.Y., Clewell H.J. Evaluation of gene expression changes in human primary uroepithelial cells following 24-Hr exposures to inorganic arsenic and its methylated metabolites Environmental and Molecular Mutagenesis. 2013;54(2):82-98.
Basketter D.A., Clewell H., Kimber I., Rossi A., Blaauboer B., Burrier R., Daneshian M., Eskes C., Goldberg A., Hasiwa N., Hoffmann S., Jaworska J., Knudsen T.B., Landsiedel R., Leist M., Locke P., Maxwell G., McKim J., McVey E.A., Ouédraogo G., Patlewicz G., Pelkonen O., Roggen E., Rovida C., Ruhdel I., Schwarz M., Schepky A., Schoeters G., Skinner N., Trentz K., Turner M., Vanparys P., Yager J., Zurlo J., Hartung T. A roadmap for the development of alternative (non-animal) methods for systemic toxicity testing Altex. 2012;29(1):5-91.
Basketter D.A., Clewell H., Kimber I., Rossi A., Blaauboer B., Burrier R., Daneshian M., Eskes C., Goldberg A., Hasiwa N., Hoffmann S., Jaworska J., Knudsen T.B., Landsiedel R., Leist M., Locke P., Maxwell G., McKim J., McVey E.A., Ouédraogo G., Patlewicz G., Pelkonen O., Roggen E., Rovida C., Ruhdel I., Schwarz M., Schepky A., Schoeters G., Skinner N., Trentz K., Turner M., Vanparys P., Yager J., Zurlo J., Hartung T. A roadmap for the development of alternative (non-animal) methods for systemic toxicity testing - t4 report*. ALTEX. 2012;29(1):3-91.
McKim J.M., Keller D.J., Gorski J.R. An in vitro method for detecting chemical sensitization using human reconstructed skin models and its applicability to cosmetic, pharmaceutical, and medical device safety testing Cutaneous and Ocular Toxicology. 2012;31(4):292-305.
Hartung T., Blaauboer B.J., Bosgra S., Carney E., Coenen J., Conolly R.B., Corsini E., Green S., Faustman E.M., Gaspari A., Hayashi M., Hayes A.W., Hengstler J.G., Knudsen L.E., Knudsen T.B., McKim J.M., Pfaller W., Roggen E.L. T<sup>4</sup> report. An expert consortium review of the EC-commissioned report "Alternative (non-animal) methods for cosmetics testing: Current status and future prospects - 2010" Altex. 2011;28(3):183-209.
Lapchak P.A., McKim J.M. CeeTox™ Analysis of CNB-001 a Novel Curcumin-Based Neurotrophic/Neuroprotective Lead Compound to Treat Stroke: Comparison with NXY-059 and Radicut Translational Stroke Research. 2011;2(1):51-59.
McKim J.M. Building a tiered approach to in vitro predictive toxicity screening: A focus on assays with in vivo relevance Combinatorial Chemistry and High Throughput Screening. 2010;13(2):188-206.
McKim J.M., Keller D.J., Gorski J.R. A new in vitro method for identifying chemical sensitizers combining peptide binding with ARE/EpRE-mediated gene expression in human skin cells Cutaneous and Ocular Toxicology. 2010;29(3):171-192.
Liguori M.J., Anderson M.G., Bukofzer S., McKim J., Pregenzer J.F., Retief J., Spear B.B., Waring J.F. Microarray analysis in human hepatocytes suggests a mechanism for hepatotoxicity induced by trovafloxacin Hepatology. 2005;41(1):177-186.
Watson R.E., McKim J.M., Cockerell G.L., Goodman J.I. The value of DNA methylation analysis in basic, initial toxicity assessments Toxicological Sciences. 2004;79(1):178-188.
Cockerell G.L., McKim J.M., Vonderfecht S.L. Strategic Importance of Research Support through Pathology Toxicologic Pathology. 2002;30(1):4-7.
Sarangapani R., Teeguarden J., Plotzke K., McKim J., Andersen M. Dose-response modeling of cytochrome P450 induction in rats by octamethylcyclotetrasiloxane Toxicological Sciences. 2002;67(2):159-172.
McKim J., Wilga P., Breslin W., Plotzke K., Gallavan R., Meeks R. Potential estrogenic and antiestrogenic activity of the cyclic siloxane octamethylcyclotetrasiloxane (D4) and the linear siloxane hexamethyldisiloxane (HMDS) in immature rats using the uterotrophic assay Toxicological Sciences. 2001;63(1):37-46.
McKim J.M., Kolesar G.B., Jean P.A., Meeker L.S., Wilga P.C., Schoonhoven R., Swenberg J.A., Goodman J.I., Gallavan R.H., Meeks R.G. Repeated inhalation exposure to octamethylcyclotetrasiloxane produces hepatomegaly, transient hepatic hyperplasia, and sustained hypertrophy in female Fischer 344 rats in a manner similar to phenobarbital Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology. 2001;172(2):83-92.
McKim J., Wilga P., Kolesar G., Choudhuri S., Madan A., Dochterman L., Breen J., Parkinson A., Mast R., Meeks R. Evaluation of octamethylcyclotetrasiloxane (D<inf>4</inf>) as an inducer of rat hepatic microsomal cytochrome P450, UDP-glucuronosyltransferase, and epoxide hydrolase: A 28-day inhalation study Toxicological Sciences. 1998;41(1):29-41.
Choudhuri S., McKim J., Klaassen C. Induction of metallothionein by superantigenic bacterial exotoxin: probable involvement of the immune system BBA - Molecular Basis of Disease. 1994;1225(2):171-179.
Klaassen C.D., Choudhuri S., McKim J.M., Lehman-McKeeman L.D., Kershaw W.C. In vitro and in vivo studies on the degradation of metallothionein Environmental Health Perspectives. 1994;102(SUPPL. 3):141-146.
Choudhuri S., McKim J.M., Klaassen C.D. Differential expression of the metallothionein gene in liver and brain of mice and rats Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology. 1993;119(1):1-10.
Kreppel H., Bauman J.W., Liu J., Mckim J.M., Klaassen C.D. Induction of metallothionein by arsenicals in mice Toxicological Sciences. 1993;20(2):184-189.
Bauman J.W., Madhu C., McKim J.M., Liu Y., Klaassen C.D. Induction of hepatic metallothionein by paraquat Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology. 1992;117(2):233-241.
Bauman J.W., McKim J.M., Liu J., Klaassen C.D. Induction of metallothionein by diethyl maleate Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology. 1992;114(2):188-196.
Choudhuri S., McKim J.M., Klaassen C.D. Role of hepatic lysosomes in the degradation of metallothionein Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology. 1992;115(1):64-71.
Liu J., McKIM J.M., Liu Y.P., Klaassen C.D. Effects Of Butyrate Homologues On Metallothionein Induction In Rat Primary Hepatocyte Cultures In Vitro Cellular & Developmental Biology - Animal. 1992;28(5):320-326.
McKim J.M., Choudhuri S., Klaassen C.D. In vitro degradation of apo-, zinc-, and cadmium-metallothionein by cathepsins B, C, and D Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology. 1992;116(1):117-124.
McKim J.M., Liu J., Liu Y.P., Klaassen C.D. Distribution of cadmium chloride and cadmium-metallothionein to liver parenchymal, Kupffer, and endothelial cells: Their relative ability to express metallothionein Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology. 1992;112(2):324-330.
McKim J.M., Liu J., Liu Y.P., Klaassen C.D. Induction of metallothionein by cadmium-metallothionein in rat liver: A proposed mechanism Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology. 1992;112(2):318-323.
Kuehl D.W., Eisenschenk L., Naumann S., Johnson R.D., Regal R., Barnidge P., McKim J. Comparison of nucleoside concentrations in blood of fish with and without tumors Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology. 1991;46(5):713-719.
McKim J., Marien K., Schaup H., Selivonchick D. Alterations of hepatic acetyl-CoA carboxylase by 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin Lipids. 1991;26(7):521-525.
McKim J., Schaup H., Marien K., Selivonchick D. Isolation and identification of acetyl-CoA carboxylase from rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri) liver Lipids. 1989;24(3):187-192.